The concept of learning disabilities (LD) refers to listen to a group of disorders affecting about a broad range of academic and functional skills including the ability to read, write, spell, reason and organize information. A learning disability is not indicative of low intelligence. People with learning disabilities sometimes have difficulty in processing to achieve their intellectual level, due to a deficit in one or more of the possibilities, the brain's information.
Interestingly, no clear, universally accepted definition of "mental disability". Given the interdisciplinary nature of matter, there is an ongoing debate on the question of definition, and there are at least 12 definitions in the literature. These definitions are different depending on certain factors:
1. People with learning disabilities have difficulties with academic performance and progress. There are differences between a person's potential for learning and what they actually learn.
2. The learning disabled show an uneven development (language development, physical development, academic development and / or development of perception).
3. Learning problems are not due to environmental disadvantage.
4. Learning problems are not with intellectual disability or mental illness.
Experts estimate that is out of 6 to 10 percent of school age population in the United States learning. Almost 40 percent of children enrolled in special education classes in the country suffer from a learning disability. The Foundation for Children with Learning Disabilities estimates that there are 6 million adults with learning difficulties as well.
Little is currently known about the causes of learning disabilities. However, some general observations can be made:
• Some children develop and mature more slowly than others in the same age group. As a result, may not be able to expect to work in school. This type of learning problem is called "delayed maturation."
• Some children with normal vision and the audience can see and hear very well, because every day without explanation nervous system disease.
• Injuries before birth or in early childhood probably account for the future of some learning problems.
• Premature infants and children who have health problems shortly after birth, often learning difficulties had given birth.
• learning difficulties tend to be in the family, so that some learning problems can be hereditary.
• Learning disorders are more common in boys than in girls, perhaps because children tend to mature slowly.
• Some learning difficulties appears that the irregular spelling, pronunciation are linked, and the structure of the English language. The incidence of learning disabilities is lower in Spanish or Italian speaking countries.
Children with learning disabilities exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms. These include problems with reading, math, comprehension, writing, oral language, thinking, or skills. Hyperactivity, inattention and perceptual coordination may also be associated with mental retardation, learning disabilities, but not themselves. The main feature of a learning disability is a significant difference between the performance of a child in some areas and general intelligence. Learning disabilities typically affect five general areas:
1. Spoken language: delays, interruptions and deviations in listening and speaking.
2. Written language: difficulties with reading, writing and spelling.
3. Arithmetic: difficulty in making calculations or for the understanding of fundamental concepts.
4. Reasons: difficulties in organizing and integrating thoughts.
5. Memory: difficulty in remembering information and instructions.
They are the most common symptoms of learning disabilities:
• poor performance on tests of group
• Difficulty discriminating size, shape, color
• trouble with the temporary time () concepts
• Concept of the distorted body image
• Resolution of writing and reading
General clumsiness •
• poor visual-motor coordination
• hyperactivity
• Difficulty copying accurately from a model
• Slow implementation of the work
• Poor organizational skills
• easily confused by instructions
• Difficulties with abstract thinking and / or problem solving
• Disorganized thinking
• Often, obsessed with an issue or an idea
• poor short term memory or long-term
• impulsive behavior, lack of reflection before action
• Low frustration tolerance
• Excessive movement during sleep
• poor peer relationships
• Games hyperexcitable group
• poor social judgment
Display inappropriate, excessive and often indiscriminate love •
• Delays in developmental milestones (eg motor, language)
• Often, the behavior inappropriate for the situation
• Failure to see consequences of their actions
• too naive, easily led by peers
• excessive fluctuations in mood and responsiveness
• poor adapt to environmental changes
• too distracted, difficulty concentrating
• Difficulty in making decisions
• Lack of hand preference or mixed dominance
• Difficulty in tasks, the sequence
When looking to have these symptoms, it is important to be guided to remain the following:
1. Nobody is that all these symptoms.
2. Among LD populations, symptoms are more common than others.
3. Everyone has at least two or three of these problems to some degree.
4. Do not give the number of complaints in a particular child seen any indication of whether mild or severe disability. It is important to examine whether the behavior is chronic and appear in clusters.
Tips for parents of children with learning disabilities:
1. Take time to listen to their children as much as you can (really try) its "message".
2. Love them by touching, hugging, tickling them, wrestling with them (they need lots of physical contact).
3. Search and encourage their strengths, interests and abilities. Help them as they compensate for limitations or disabilities to use.
4. With compliments, good words, smiles and pats on the back awards as often as you can.
5. Accepted for who they are and their human potential for growth and development. Be realistic in their expectations and demands.
6. Participate in establishing rules and regulations, programs and family activities.
7. Tell them that if they behave badly, and explain how you feel about his behavior, then they should behave propose other more acceptable ways.
8. Help them correct their mistakes and errors in exposure or shows you what to do. Do not nag!
9. Give them appropriate roles and responsibility in the ordinary work of the family whenever possible.
10. Give them an allowance as soon as possible and help plan to spend on it.
11. Give toys, games, motor activities and opportunities to encourage them in their development.
12. Read funny stories for them and with them. Encourage your children to ask questions to discuss, to tell stories, read about the history and stories.
13. In addition to its ability to reduce the disturbing aspects of their environment as possible (by giving them a place to work, study and play the concentrate).
14. Do not get too hung up on traditional school grades! It is important that they find in their own progress and prices will be rewarded.
15. Take them to libraries and to encourage them to vote, and check out books of interest. Share with your books. Enter stimulating books and reading materials at home.
16. Help them develop self-confidence and self esteem in order not to compete with themselves with others.
17. Insist that they cooperate socially by playing, helping and serving others in the family and community.
18. Serve as a model for them through reading and discussion material personal interest. Share with them a couple of things to see and act.
19. Do not hesitate to consult with teachers and other specialists to assist when necessary in order to better understand what can be done to teach your child.